White gut syndrome and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) are significant health concerns in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farming.

White Gut Syndrome
White gut syndrome, also known as White Feces Syndrome (WFS), is a condition where shrimp exhibit whitish discoloration in their gastrointestinal tract. This disease is often linked to:

Pathogenic factors such as Vibrio bacteria and Gregarines protozoa.

Environmental triggers, including sludge accumulation and poor water quality.

Symptoms like floating white fecal strings, reduced feed consumption, and slow growth.

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)
EHP is a microsporidian parasite that infects the hepatopancreas of shrimp, leading to:

Growth retardation and increased size variability.

Soft shells and chronic mortalities in advanced stages.

Disruption of gut microbiota, making shrimp more vulnerable to infections.

Both diseases can severely impact shrimp farming productivity. Biosecurity measures, proper pond management, and early disease detection are crucial to mitigating their effects.